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It is believed that black powder was brought to Europe by the Mongols, who invaded and conquered parts of Eastern Europe in the 13th century. The Mongols had been using black powder in warfare for several decades, and it is thought that European soldiers and scholars first encountered the substance during battles with the Mongols.
Another theory is that traders and travelers from the Middle East who had come into contact with black powder in the Islamic world, brought it back to Europe. It is also possible that black powder was independently discovered in Europe, as the ingredients needed to make it were readily available, but the evidence of this is not clear. Regardless of the origin, it's certain that it was used in Europe soon after it was invented in China.
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The discovery of black powder is not well-documented in history, and there are several theories about its origins. One theory is that it was first invented by Chinese alchemists in the 9th century, while they were searching for an elixir of immortality. They stumbled upon a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur, which when ignited, produced a large flame and a lot of smoke. They began to use this mixture in fireworks and other pyrotechnic displays.
Another theory is that black powder was first used by the Arabs in the 12th century. They were using a similar mixture, made of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur, for medicinal and alchemical purposes. It is certain that the Chinese were the first to use black powder for military purposes. They employed it in rockets and flamethrowers during battles, and by the 12th century, they had developed a crude form of gunpowder, which they used in the form of incendiary bombs. Black powder was brought to Europe in the late 13th century and it was quickly adopted for use in firearms and cannons. It remained the primary propellant for firearms for several centuries, until it was replaced by smokeless powder in the late 19th century. The origins of black powder, also known as gunpowder, are not well-documented and are believed to have been discovered independently by different cultures. One theory is that it was first invented by Chinese alchemists in the 9th century, while another theory is that it was first used by the Arabs in the 12th century. However, it is certain that the Chinese were the first to use it for military purposes.
Black powder is a type of gunpowder that is composed of a mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal. It is used in many types of firearms and fireworks. It was the first type of gunpowder to be widely used and was invented in 9th century China. It is also known as "gunpowder."
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